Numismatics

Numismatics is the academic discipline that deals with the study of coins, currency, and related monetary instruments. The term derives from the ancient Greek nomisma, meaning "currency" or "legal tender." Numismatics plays a vital role in archaeology and historical research, offering insights into economics, iconography, politics, and cultural practices of past civilizations.

Beyond academia, the term is also used more broadly to refer to coin collecting as a hobby. Enthusiasts are known as numismatists, and while not all collectors engage in scholarly research, many share a deep interest in the history, design, and significance of coins.

Numismatics encompasses various areas, including:

• Ancient and medieval coinage
• Modern circulating and commemorative coins
• Paper money and tokens
• Medals and pseudo-coins

It intersects with disciplines such as metallurgy, art history, and economics, and continues to evolve through digital cataloging and forensic analysis.